Thursday homework assignments

Please do exercise 7 (page 204) and exercise 8 (page 205) for homework.  You don't have to submit it; we'll check it together in class.

You have to do not only that but also the following.  Here is some information on appositives, which we studied briefly in class on Wednesday.  In many ways, they are similar to restrictive clauses in that they modify nouns by identifying or giving extra information about them.  Oh, and don't forget the Larry Summers article!  There's a link to it in the previous post.  We'll cover that on Friday as well.

Please do the four exercises for homework, due on Friday.

Appositives

Like relative clauses, there are both restrictive and non-restrictive appositives.  They can replace or are equal to the word which they are near.  Appositives are usually used with nouns.  They are often introduced with connectors like such as, that is, for example, in other words, etc.

Restrictive relative clause:           My brother who is a doctor is named Joe.  (OK, but too many words)

                (I have more than one brother—I identify him by giving you the information that he is a doctor)

Restrictive appositive:                   My brother Joe is a doctor.  (This is much smoother)

                (Like the restrictive relative clause, I have more than one brother)

Non-restrictive relative clause:  My brother, who is a doctor, is named Joe.

                (I have only one brother.  My brother = Joe)

Non-restrictive appositive:          My brother, Joe, is a doctor.

                (Again, I have only one brother.  “Joe” is extra information and does not identify my brother)

Appositives can be used at the beginning, after the subject, or after an object.

                A wonderful city, Boston is visited by millions

                Boston, a wonderful city, is visited by millions.

                Millions visit Boston, a wonderful city.

Combine the following sentences to make non-restrictive appositive sentences.

                My friend is sitting over there.  She is a tall woman.  She has short, black hair.

                                                appositive:         My friend, a tall woman with short black hair, is sitting over there.

1                     I went to Philadelphia for my vacation.  It is a historical city.

                                                                                                                                                                                              

2                   

                       They saw a mermaid.  A mermaid is a creature which is half-human, half fish.

                                                                                                                                                                                               

3        

            W e went to his house.  It was an enormous mansion.   It was surrounded by huge trees.

                                                                                                                                                                                               

4              

            We watched Star Wars.  It is an epic film.  It was directed by George Lucas.